Cervical Cancer Awareness in Bihar, India: Lots of Light but no Illumination

Objective: To identify levels of cervical cancer risk factor and symptom awareness as well as reasons for not seeking medical help in Bihar (India) female population. Design: Population based survey. Setting: Mahavir Cancer Sansthan , Patna. Sample: Bihar representative sample of females aged 16 years and over (n = 142). Materials and methods: Respondents completed the Cervical Cancer Awareness Questionnaire which included questions on awareness of cervical cancer symptoms, risk factors (both recalled and recognised) and reasons for not seeking medical help. Multiple regression analysis were used to identify predictors of higher symptom and risk factor recognition . Main outcome measures: Awareness of cervical cancer symptoms and risk factors; reasons for not seeking medical help. Results: 20% of respondents were unable to recall any risk factors and 65% to recall any symptom . Awareness was higher when women were prompted (79% recognised at least one risk factor and 93% at least one symptom). 91% of the respondents admitted lack of information and knowledge as a reason for not seeking medical help (hindrance in early detection). Independent predictors of risk factor recognition was older age . Symptom recognition was also associated with older age having a close experience of cervical cancer. Conclusions: To create awareness and reduce inequalities in awareness, interventions should target younger women irrespective of their education status and those from rural background groups.